Critical Steps in the lifecycle of the Lassa virus ribonucleoparticle (RNP). RNP assembly: RNA with a critical length is the sufficient factor to drive NP-RNA assembly by initiating NP trimer disassembly and NP-RNA monomer assembly. RNP recruitment: Z can bind directly to NP and independently of RNA, this may facilitate RNP recruitment to the cell membrane. RNP release: NP-Z interaction is highly dependent on the pH. The interaction is lowered at endosomal pH, which might be a factor for RNP releasement from the viral matrix. Credit: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2023). DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07325